Glossary Terms

Plant derived estrogen-like compounds that, because of their structural similarity to estradiol (17-β-estradiol), have the ability to cause estrogenic or/and antiestrogenic effects. Phytoestrogens exert their effects primarily through binding to estrogen receptors.

Pituitary, or hypophysis, is an gland that secretes nine hormones that regulate . It is not a part of the brain, but is a protrusion off the bottom of the .

Placenta: is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother’s blood supply.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): A severe form of premenstrual syndrome characterized by affective symptoms causing significant disturbances in relationships or social adaptation. Symptoms cease shortly after the onset of menstrual bleeding.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS): A condition characterised by affective, behavioural and somatic symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, resolved with onset of menstruation.

Postpartum Depression: depression in a woman after she has given birth. It may occur soon after delivery or up to a year later. Most of the time, it occurs within the first 3 months after delivery.